{"id":37033,"date":"2021-07-06T11:26:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T09:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/?post_type=web-story&#038;p=37033"},"modified":"2022-02-16T18:18:25","modified_gmt":"2022-02-16T17:18:25","slug":"metal-waveguides-and-how-theyre-used","status":"publish","type":"web-story","link":"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/en\/stories\/metal-waveguides-and-how-theyre-used\/","title":{"rendered":"Metal waveguides and how they\u2019re used"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><html amp=\"\" lang=\"en\"><head><meta charSet=\"utf-8\"\/><meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1\"\/><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ampproject.org\/v0.js\"><\/script><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ampproject.org\/v0\/amp-story-1.0.js\" custom-element=\"amp-story\"><\/script><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ampproject.org\/v0\/amp-video-0.1.js\" custom-element=\"amp-video\"><\/script><\/p>\n<style amp-boilerplate=\"\">body{-webkit-animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both;-moz-animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both;-ms-animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both;animation:-amp-start 8s steps(1,end) 0s 1 normal both}@-webkit-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@-moz-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@-ms-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@-o-keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes -amp-start{from{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}<\/style>\n<p><noscript><\/p>\n<style amp-boilerplate=\"\">body{-webkit-animation:none;-moz-animation:none;-ms-animation:none;animation:none}<\/style>\n<p><\/noscript><\/p>\n<style amp-custom=\"\">\n              amp-story-page {\n                background-color: #131516;\n              }<\/p>\n<p>              amp-story-grid-layer {\n                overflow: visible;\n        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poster-portrait-src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/VINCI-Ondes-Home-640x853-1.png\"><amp-story-page id=\"5b95c84b-29a7-4136-930b-b08c70d80322\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:rgb(164,208,205)\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0%;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-33357e23-f394-4770-b512-fde7a8596b23\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-video autoPlay=\"autoplay\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-1-poster-1.jpeg\" artwork=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-1-poster-1.jpeg\" title=\"Metal waveguides and how they\u2019re used\" alt=\"Metal waveguides and how they\u2019re used\" layout=\"fill\" loop=\"loop\" id=\"el-33357e23-f394-4770-b512-fde7a8596b23-media\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-1.mp4\"\/><\/amp-video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"555bba2e-b54f-40b2-890e-fe33c12fa275\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255)\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0%;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-b0ef389c-b974-482b-9fe3-e43195726f4a\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-video autoPlay=\"autoplay\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-2-poster.jpeg\" artwork=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-2-poster.jpeg\" title=\"What is a waveguide? \n\nIt\u2019s a rectangular, circular or elliptical metal pipe made from materials with high electrical conductivity (copper and brass, partially plated with silver or gold or covered with a thin layer of carbon fibre).\" alt=\"What is a waveguide? \n\nIt\u2019s a rectangular, circular or elliptical metal pipe made from materials with high electrical conductivity (copper and brass, partially plated with silver or gold or covered with a thin layer of carbon fibre).\" layout=\"fill\" loop=\"loop\" id=\"el-b0ef389c-b974-482b-9fe3-e43195726f4a-media\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-2.mp4\"\/><\/amp-video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"810fbe31-9c39-4c6c-9fdf-5f0149473d09\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255)\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0%;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-9741c338-d642-40a1-a857-1bab4b64feb1\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-video autoPlay=\"autoplay\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-3-poster-1.jpeg\" artwork=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-3-poster-1.jpeg\" title=\"What is it used for? \n\nThe system is used to guide electromagnetic or sound waves by keeping them confined to a particular dimension over a certain distance.  \n\nWaves are propagated by reflecting from the internal walls of the hollow pipe.\" alt=\"What is it used for? \n\nThe system is used to guide electromagnetic or sound waves by keeping them confined to a particular dimension over a certain distance.  \n\nWaves are propagated by reflecting from the internal walls of the hollow pipe.\" layout=\"fill\" loop=\"loop\" id=\"el-9741c338-d642-40a1-a857-1bab4b64feb1-media\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-3.mp4\"\/><\/amp-video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:22.69417%;top:90.29126%;width:54.61165%;height:9.70874%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-51796d48-c066-4c10-a9fd-e526199546fe\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/en\/article\/automated-underground-system-follow-the-wave-guide\/\" data-tooltip-icon=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/06\/00_VINCI-ICONOGRAPHIE_1280x680-GettyImages-1051348470.jpg\" data-tooltip-text=\"Modernisation and automation of British underground line\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100.00002%;height:100%;left:-0.00001%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CTA-AgilityFlash1-EN.png\" alt=\"CTA-AgilityFlash1-EN\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CTA-AgilityFlash1-EN.png 450w,https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CTA-AgilityFlash1-EN-150x40.png 150w\"><\/amp-img><\/div>\n<p><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"dbc39a1a-99d0-4e32-864e-d83cbb6ce098\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255)\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0%;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-475ae93e-6e37-4e11-85fd-8fb180cd045b\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-video autoPlay=\"autoplay\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-4-poster-1.jpeg\" artwork=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-4-poster-1.jpeg\" title=\"What use cases does it serve? \n\nWaveguides are used in: \n\nhigh-power transmitters; \n\nradar equipment; \n\nmicrowaves; \n\nlow-noise block converters for TV signal receiving antennas.\" alt=\"What use cases does it serve? \n\nWaveguides are used in: \n\nhigh-power transmitters; \n\nradar equipment; \n\nmicrowaves; \n\nlow-noise block converters for TV signal receiving antennas.\" layout=\"fill\" loop=\"loop\" id=\"el-475ae93e-6e37-4e11-85fd-8fb180cd045b-media\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-4.mp4\"\/><\/amp-video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"0e646b6d-9e23-427b-8dfc-41055dfdf612\" auto-advance-after=\"el-829f4325-cc98-4237-8a32-b0aef24bbf5e-media\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:rgb(164,211,203)\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0%;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-829f4325-cc98-4237-8a32-b0aef24bbf5e\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100.11377%;height:100%;left:-0.05688%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-video autoPlay=\"autoplay\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-5-poster-1.jpeg\" artwork=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-5-poster-1.jpeg\" title=\"What advantages does it offer? \n\nIn comparison with wire and coaxial cable-based transmission, waveguides help minimise loss during transmission, particularly at frequencies above 1GHz.\" alt=\"What advantages does it offer? \n\nIn comparison with wire and coaxial cable-based transmission, waveguides help minimise loss during transmission, particularly at frequencies above 1GHz.\" layout=\"fill\" id=\"el-829f4325-cc98-4237-8a32-b0aef24bbf5e-media\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN-5.mp4\"\/><\/amp-video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><\/amp-story-page><amp-story-page id=\"9f90c252-b090-461b-bd84-be63955fedae\" auto-advance-after=\"7s\"><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\" style=\"background-color:rgb(255,255,255)\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:0%;top:-9.25926%;width:100%;height:118.51852%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-48d4d8f9-6fba-4ccb-8ec5-835b87c87119\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;left:0%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-video autoPlay=\"autoplay\" poster=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/02\/EN_ONDES_PANNEAUX_FINAL-poster.jpeg\" artwork=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/02\/EN_ONDES_PANNEAUX_FINAL-poster.jpeg\" title=\"EN_ONDES_PANNEAUX_FINAL\" alt=\"EN_ONDES_PANNEAUX_FINAL\" layout=\"fill\" id=\"el-48d4d8f9-6fba-4ccb-8ec5-835b87c87119-media\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/EN_ONDES_PANNEAUX_FINAL.mp4\"\/><\/amp-video><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/amp-story-grid-layer><amp-story-grid-layer template=\"vertical\" aspect-ratio=\"412:618\" class=\"grid-layer\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"page-fullbleed-area\">\n<div class=\"page-safe-area\">\n<div style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;left:22.69417%;top:90.29126%;width:54.61165%;height:9.70874%;opacity:1\">\n<div style=\"pointer-events:initial;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\" class=\"mask\" id=\"el-d844765e-e0ca-4a8b-ad4e-b3262f30bb57\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/en\/stories\/\" data-tooltip-icon=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2016\/10\/favicon_ae_180px.jpg\" data-tooltip-text=\"Agility Stories\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;display:block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"position:absolute;width:100.00002%;height:100%;left:-0.00001%;top:0%\" data-leaf-element=\"true\"><amp-img layout=\"fill\" src=\"https:\/\/www.theagilityeffect.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/05\/CTA-AgilityFlash1-EN.png\" alt=\"CTA-AgilityFlash1-EN\" 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